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• Journal article
  Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, Belda E, Nielsen T, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Chakaroun R, Forslund SK, Assmann K, Valles-Colomer M, Nguyen TTD, Proost S, Prifti E, Tremaroli V, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, Andreelli F, Bastard J-P, Coelho LP, Galleron N, Hansen TH, Hulot J-S, Lewinter C, Pedersen HK, Quinquis B, Rouault C, Roume H, Salem J-E, Sondertoft NB, Touch S, Dumas M-E, Ehrlich SD, Galan P, Gotze JP, Hansen T, Holst JJ, Kober L, Letunic I, Nielsen J, Oppert J-M, Stumvoll M, Vestergaard H, Zucker J-D, Bork P, Pedersen O, Backhed F, Clement K, Raes Jet al., 2020,
  , NATURE, Vol: 581, Pages: 310-+, ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • Citations: 201
• Conference paper
  Martinez-Gili L, McDonald JA, Liu Z, Kao DH, Allegretti JR, Barker GF, Blanco JM, Holmes E, Thursz MR, Marchesi J, Mullish BHet al., 2020,
  , Publisher: Elsevier BV, Pages: S-138-S-139, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Journal article
  Allegretti JR, Hurtado J, Carrellas M, Marcus J, Nemes S, Marchesi J, Mullish BH, McDonald JA, Phelps EL, Sagi S, Bohm M, Geradin Y, Silverstein M, Kelly CR, Kassam Z, Grinspan A, Fischer Met al., 2020,
  , Gastroenterology, Vol: 158, Pages: S-22, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Conference paper
  Ghani R, Mullish BH, McDonald JA, Ghazy A, Williams HR, Brannigan E, Satta G, Gilchrist M, Duncan N, Corbett R, Pavlu J, Innes AJ, Thursz MR, Davies F, Marchesi Jet al., 2020,
  , Publisher: Elsevier BV, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Journal article
  Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Hurtado J, Carrellas M, Marchesi J, Mullish BH, Chiang AL, Cummings BP, Thompson CCet al., 2020,
  , Gastroenterology, Vol: 158, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Journal article
  Ianiro G, Mullish BH, Kelly CR, Sokol H, Kassam Z, Ng SC, Fischer M, Allegretti JR, Masucci L, Zhang F, Keller J, Sanguinetti M, Costello SP, Tilg H, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota Get al., 2020,
  , The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Vol: 5, Pages: 430-432, ISSN: 2468-1253
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• Journal article
  Blanco JM, Liu Z, Selvarajah U, Mullish BH, Alexander JL, McDonald JA, Abraham S, Marchesi Jet al., 2020,
  , Gastroenterology, Vol: 158, Pages: S-481, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Journal article
  Monaghan T, Russell L, Rosati E, Mullish BH, Roach B, Wong K, Wong GK, Polytarchou C, Franke A, Marchesi J, Kao DHet al., 2020,
  , Gastroenterology, Vol: 158, ISSN: 0016-5085
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• Journal article
  Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Mullish BH, Chiang A, Carrellas M, Hurtado J, Marchesi JR, McDonald JAK, Pechlivanis A, Barker GF, Miguens Blanco J, Garcia Perez I, Wong WF, Gerardin Y, Silverstein M, Kennedy K, Thompson Cet al., 2020,
  , Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol: 18, Pages: 855-863.e2, ISSN: 1542-3565

  Background & AimsStudies in mice have shown that the intestinal microbiota can contribute to obesity via the anorexigenic gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and bile acids, which affect lipid metabolism. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in obese, metabolically uncompromised patients.MethodsWe performed a double-blind study of 22 obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35kg/m2) without a diagnosis of diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to groups that received FMT by capsules (induction dose of 30 capsules at week 4 and maintenance dose of 12 capsules at week 8) or placebo capsules. FMT capsules were derived from a single, lean donor (BMI, 17.5 kg/m2). Patients were followed through week 26; the primary outcome was safety. Stool and serum samples were collected from patients at baseline and at weeks 1, 4, 6, 8 and 12 after administration of the first dose of FMT or placebo and analyzed by 16S RNA gene sequencing. Stool and serum samples were analyzed for metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additional outcomes were change in area under the curve for GLP1 at week 12.ResultsWe observed no significant differences in adverse events between patients who received FMT vs placebo. There was no increase in the area under the curve of GLP1 in either group. Patients who received FMT had sustained shifts in microbiomes associated with obesity toward those of the donor (P<.001). Patients who received FMT had a sustained decrease in stool levels of taurocholic acid (P<.05), compared with baseline; bile acid profiles began to more closely resemble those of the donor. We did not observe significant changes in mean BMI at week 12 in either group.ConclusionsIn a placebo-controlled pilot study, we found that FMT capsules (derived from a lean donor) were safe but did not reduce BMI in obese metabol

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• Journal article
  Pean N, Le Lay A, Brial F, Wasserscheid J, Rouch C, Vincent M, Myridakis A, Hedjazi L, Dumas M-E, Grundberg E, Lathrop M, Magnan C, Dewar K, Gauguier Det al., 2020,
  , Diabetologia, Vol: 63, Pages: 1223-1235, ISSN: 0012-186X

  Aims/hypothesisDrug and surgical-based therapies in type 2 diabetes are associated with altered gut microbiota architecture. Here we investigated the role of the gut microbiome in improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery.MethodsWe carried out gut microbiome analyses in gastrectomised (by vertical sleeve gastrectomy [VSG]) rats of the Goto–Kakizaki (GK) non-obese model of spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes, followed by physiological studies in the GK rat.ResultsVSG in the GK rat led to permanent improvement of glucose tolerance associated with minor changes in the gut microbiome, mostly characterised by significant enrichment of caecal Prevotella copri. Gut microbiota enrichment with P. copri in GK rats through permissive antibiotic treatment, inoculation of gut microbiota isolated from gastrectomised GK rats, and direct inoculation of P. copri, resulted in significant improvement of glucose tolerance, independent of changes in body weight. Plasma bile acids were increased in GK rats following inoculation with P. copri and P. copri-enriched microbiota from VSG-treated rats; the inoculated GK rats then showed increased liver glycogen and upregulated expression of Fxr (also known as Nr1h4), Srebf1c, Chrebp (also known as Mlxipl) and Il10 and downregulated expression of Cyp7a1.ConclusionsOur data underline the impact of intestinal P. copri on improved glucose homeostasis through enhanced bile acid metabolism and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling, which may represent a promising opportunity for novel type 2 diabetes therapeutics.

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