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Journal articleGilca-Blanariu GE, Stefanescu G, Girleanu I, et al., 2021, , Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Vol: 30, Pages: 147-163, ISSN: 1841-8724
<jats:p>Fecal microbiota transplantation involves the infusion of intestinal microorganisms via the transfer of a stool from a healthy individual into a diseased individual, with the intent of restoring normal intestinal flora. Fecal transplant is proposed for the treatment of refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. At present, recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection is the only indication supported by solid scientific evidence. Regulations by healthcare authorities vary among different countries. Considering that Romania does not have an available national guideline to offer standardization, this paper aimed to create a national fecal microbiota transplantation guideline concerning indications, techniques and donor screening, developed by international and local scientific working groups.</jats:p>
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Journal articleJervis P, Pintanel P, Hopkins K, et al., 2021, , Molecular Ecology, Vol: 30, Pages: 1322-1335, ISSN: 0962-1083
Microbiome–pathogen interactions are increasingly recognized as an important element of host immunity. While these host鈥恖evel interactions will have consequences for community disease dynamics, the factors which influence host microbiomes at larger scales are poorly understood. We here describe landscape鈥恠cale pathogen–microbiome associations within the context of post鈥恊pizootic amphibian chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We undertook a survey of Neotropical amphibians across altitudinal gradients in Ecuador ~30 years following the observed amphibian declines and collected skin swab鈥恠amples which were metabarcoded using both fungal (ITS鈥2) and bacterial (r16S) amplicons. The data revealed marked variation in patterns of both B. dendrobatidis infection and microbiome structure that are associated with host life history. Stream breeding amphibians were most likely to be infected with B. dendrobatidis. This increased probability of infection was further associated with increased abundance and diversity of non鈥怋atrachochytrium chytrid fungi in the skin and environmental microbiome. We also show that increased alpha diversity and the relative abundance of fungi are lower in the skin microbiome of adult stream amphibians compared to adult pond鈥恇reeding amphibians, an association not seen for bacteria. Finally, stream tadpoles exhibit lower proportions of predicted protective microbial taxa than pond tadpoles, suggesting reduced biotic resistance. Our analyses show that host breeding ecology strongly shapes pathogen–microbiome associations at a landscape scale, a trait that may influence resilience in the face of emerging infectious diseases.
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Journal articleMullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, et al., 2021, , Frontline Gastroenterology, Vol: 12, Pages: 118-127, ISSN: 2041-4137
<jats:p>The mucosal surfaces of the body are characterised by complex, specialised microbial communities, often referred to as the <jats:italic>microbiome</jats:italic>. However, only much more recently—with the development of technologies allowing exploration of the composition and functionality of these communities—has meaningful research in this area become feasible. Over the past few years, there has been rapid growth in interest in the gut microbiome in particular, and its potential contribution to gastrointestinal and liver disease. This interest has already extended beyond clinicians to pharmaceutical companies, medical regulators and other stakeholders, and is high profile among patients and the lay public in general. Such expansion of knowledge holds the intriguing potential for translation into novel diagnostics and therapeutics; however, being such a nascent field, there remain many uncertainties, unanswered questions and areas of debate.</jats:p>
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Journal articleAllegretti JR, Kassam Z, Hurtado J, et al., 2021, , Hormones, Vol: 20, Pages: 209-211, ISSN: 1109-3099
BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been studied for the treatment of metabolic syndrome with varying success. However, the possibility of utilizing FMT to prevent metabolic syndrome is to date unknown.MethodsSecondary analysis of a previously published double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of FMT in obese metabolically healthy patients was conducted. Post-prandial glucose and insulin levels were measured (NCT02741518).ResultsA total of 22 patients were enrolled, 11 in each arm. There were no baseline differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose or insulin in the FMT group compared to placebo. There was a significant change in glucose AUC at week 12 compared to baseline, and in the insulin AUC at week 6 compared to baseline in the FMT group vs. placebo (change in glucose AUC (mg/dl × 60 min): 579 vs 1978, p = 0.03) (change in insulin AUC (μU/ml × 60 min): 137 vs 2728, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest that FMT may have a potential role in preventing the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity.
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Conference paperGhani R, Mullish B, Innes A, et al., 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) prior to allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients colonised with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) results in improved survival
, ECCMID -
ReportNICE, 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection
, Medtech innovation briefing [MIB247] -
Journal articleLetertre MPM, Myridakis A, Whiley L, et al., 2021, , JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, Vol: 1164, ISSN: 1570-0232
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- Citations: 5
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ReportMorgan A, Vander Broek C, 2021,
Microbiome Strategic Roadmap
, Publisher: KTN -
Conference paperMonaghan T, Russell L, Rosati E, et al., 2021, , BSG Campus, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A199-A200, ISSN: 0017-5749
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Journal articleMichael DR, Davies TS, Jack AA, et al., 2020, , Scientific Reports, Vol: 11
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This 9-month randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled study (PROBE, ISRCTN18030882) assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on bodyweight. Seventy overweight Bulgarian participants aged 45–65 years with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> received a daily dose of the Lab4P probiotic comprising lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (50 billion cfu/day). Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle over the duration of the study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in body weight and secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. A significant between group decrease in body weight (3.16 kg, 95% CI 3.94, 2.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) was detected favouring the probiotic group. Supplementation also resulted in significant between group decreases in waist circumference (2.58 cm, 95% CI 3.23, 1.94, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) and hip circumference (2.66 cm, 95% CI 3.28, 2.05, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) but no changes in blood pressure were observed. These findings support the outcomes of a previous shorter-term Lab4P intervention study in overweight and obese participants (PROMAGEN, ISRCTN12562026). We conclude that Lab4P has consistent weight modulation capability in free-living overweight adults.</jats:p>
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