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• Journal article
  Morfopoulos C, Sperlich D, Penuelas J, Filella I, Llusia J, Medlyn BE, Niinemets U, Possell M, Sun Z, Prentice ICet al., 2014,
  , New Phytologist, Vol: 203, Pages: 125-139, ISSN: 0028-646X

  We present a unifying model for isoprene emission by photosynthesizing leaves based on the hypothesis that isoprene biosynthesis depends on a balance between the supply of photosynthetic reducing power and the demands of carbon fixation.We compared the predictions from our model, as well as from two other widely used models, with measurements of isoprene emission from leaves of Populus nigra and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) in response to changes in leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under diverse ambient CO2 concentrations (Ca).Our model reproduces the observed changes in isoprene emissions with Ci and PPFD, and also reproduces the tendency for the fraction of fixed carbon allocated to isoprene to increase with increasing PPFD. It also provides a simple mechanism for the previously unexplained decrease in the quantum efficiency of isoprene emission with increasing Ca.Experimental and modelled results support our hypothesis. Our model can reproduce the key features of the observations and has the potential to improve process‐based modelling of isoprene emissions by land vegetation at the ecosystem and global scales.

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• Journal article
  Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJet al., 2014,
  , TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 439-446, ISSN: 1360-1385
  • Cite
  • Citations: 52
• Journal article
  Peralta G, Frost CM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Tylianakis JMet al., 2014,
  , ECOLOGY, Vol: 95, Pages: 1888-1896, ISSN: 0012-9658
  • Cite
  • Citations: 73
• Journal article
  Hoshino E, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hillary RM, 2014,
  , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 51, Pages: 632-641, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Cite
  • Citations: 10
• Journal article
  Bull JW, Gordon A, Law EA, Suttle KB, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,
  , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 28, Pages: 799-809, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Cite
  • Citations: 115
• Journal article
  Frost GS, Walton GE, Swann JR, Psichas A, Costabile A, Johnson LP, Sponheimer M, Gibson GR, Barraclough TGet al., 2014,
  , mBio, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2161-2129
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• Journal article
  Garcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, Araujo MBet al., 2014,
  , SCIENCE, Vol: 344, Pages: 486-+, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Cite
  • Citations: 581
• Journal article
  Pfeifer M, Lefebvre V, Gardner TA, Arroyo-Rodriguez V, Baeten L, Banks-Leite C, Barlow J, Betts MG, Brunet J, Cerezo A, Cisneros LM, Collard S, D'Cruze N, da Silva Motta C, Duguay S, Eggermont H, Eigenbrod F, Hadley AS, Hanson TR, Hawes JE, Scalley TH, Klingbeil BT, Kolb A, Kormann U, Kumar S, Lachat T, Lakeman Fraser P, Lantschner V, Laurance WF, Leal IR, Lens L, Marsh CJ, Medina-Rangel GF, Melles S, Mezger D, Oldekop JA, Overal WL, Owen C, Peres CA, Phalan B, Pidgeon AM, Pilia O, Possingham HP, Possingham ML, Raheem DC, Ribeiro DB, Ribeiro Neto JD, Robinson WD, Robinson R, Rytwinski T, Scherber C, Slade EM, Somarriba E, Stouffer PC, Struebig MJ, Tylianakis JM, Tscharntke T, Tyre AJ, Urbina-Cardona JN, Vasconcelos HL, Wearn O, Wells K, Willig MR, Wood E, Young RP, Bradley AV, Ewers RMet al., 2014,
  , Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 4, Pages: 1524-1537, ISSN: 2045-7758
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• Journal article
  Rapacciuolo G, Roy DB, Gillings S, Purvis Aet al., 2014,
  , METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 5, Pages: 407-420, ISSN: 2041-210X
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  Zaehle S, Medlyn BE, De Kauwe MG, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Hickler T, Luo Y, Wang Y-P, El-Masri B, Thornton P, Jain A, Wang S, Warlind D, Weng E, Parton W, Iversen CM, Gallet-Budynek A, McCarthy H, Finzi AC, Hanson PJ, Prentice IC, Oren R, Norby RJet al., 2014,
  , NEW PHYTOLOGIST, Vol: 202, Pages: 803-822, ISSN: 0028-646X
  • Cite
  • Citations: 344
• Journal article
  Tylianakis JM, Coux C, 2014,
  , TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 281-283, ISSN: 1360-1385
  • Cite
  • Citations: 33
• Journal article
  Goldson SL, Wratten SD, Ferguson CM, Gerard PJ, Barratt BIP, Hardwick S, McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Popay AJ, Tylianakis JM, Tomasetto Fet al., 2014,
  , BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, Vol: 72, Pages: 76-79, ISSN: 1049-9644
  • Cite
  • Citations: 46
• Journal article
  Garcia RA, Araujo MB, Burgess ND, Foden WB, Gutsche A, Rahbek C, Cabeza Met al., 2014,
  , JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Vol: 41, Pages: 724-735, ISSN: 0305-0270
  • Cite
  • Citations: 70
• Journal article
  O'Loughlin SM, Magesa S, Mbogo C, Mosha F, Midega J, Lomas S, Burt Aet al., 2014,
  , MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 31, Pages: 889-902, ISSN: 0737-4038
  • Cite
  • Citations: 32
• Journal article
  Graham SL, Hunt JE, Millard P, McSeveny T, Tylianakis JM, Whitehead Det al., 2014,
  , PLOS ONE, Vol: 9
  • Cite
  • Citations: 53
• Journal article
  Rosa IMD, Ahmed SE, Ewers RM, 2014,
  , Glob Change Biol, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1365-2486
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• Journal article
  Davies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
  , MARINE POLICY, Vol: 45, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0308-597X
  • Cite
  • Citations: 87
• Journal article
  Knott EJ, Bunnefeld N, Huber D, Reljic S, Kerezi V, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,
  , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH, Vol: 60, Pages: 85-97, ISSN: 1612-4642
  • Cite
  • Citations: 20
• Journal article
  Edwards CTT, Bunnefeld N, Balme GA, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,
  , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 111, Pages: 539-543, ISSN: 0027-8424
  • Cite
  • Citations: 12
• Journal article
  Powney GD, Rapacciuolo G, Preston CD, Purvis A, Roy DBet al., 2014,
  , BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION, Vol: 23, Pages: 171-185, ISSN: 0960-3115
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• Journal article
  Jones IL, Bull JW, Milner-Gulland EJ, Esipov AV, Suttle KBet al., 2014,
  , ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 79-90, ISSN: 2045-7758
  • Cite
  • Citations: 27
• Journal article
  Woodhouse E, McGowan P, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
  , ORYX, Vol: 48, Pages: 30-38, ISSN: 0030-6053
  • Cite
  • Citations: 24
• Journal article
  Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Tambosi LR, Pearse WD, Bueno AA, Bruscagin RT, Condez TH, Dixo M, Igari AT, Martensen AC, otherset al., 2014,

  Conserving Brazil’s Atlantic forests–response.

  , Science (New York, NY), Vol: 346, Pages: 1193-1193
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• Journal article
  Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
  , ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1708-3087
  • Cite
  • Citations: 39
• Journal article
  Bistinas I, Oom D, Sa ACL, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Pereira JMCet al., 2013,
  , PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

  We explore the large spatial variation in the relationship between population density and burned area, usingcontinental-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based on 13 years of satellite-derived burned areamaps from the global fire emissions database (GFED) and the human population density from the gridded populationof the world (GPW 2005). Significant relationships are observed over 51.5% of the global land area, and the areaaffected varies from continent to continent: population density has a significant impact on fire over most of Asia andAfrica but is important in explaining fire over < 22% of Europe and Australia. Increasing population density isassociated with both increased and decreased in fire. The nature of the relationship depends on land-use: increasingpopulation density is associated with increased burned are in rangelands but with decreased burned area incroplands. Overall, the relationship between population density and burned area is non-monotonic: burned areainitially increases with population density and then decreases when population density exceeds a threshold. Thesethresholds vary regionally. Our study contributes to improved understanding of how human activities relate to burnedarea, and should contribute to a better estimate of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning.

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• Journal article
  Prentice IC, Dong N, Gleason SM, Maire V, Wright IJet al., 2013,
  , Ecology Letters, Vol: 17, Pages: 82-91, ISSN: 1461-023X

  A novel framework is presented for the analysis of ecophysiological field measurements and modelling. The hypothesis ‘leaves minimise the summed unit costs of transpiration and carboxylation’ predicts leaf‐internal/ambient CO2 ratios (ci/ca) and slopes of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) or leaf nitrogen (Narea) vs. stomatal conductance. Analysis of data on woody species from contrasting climates (cold‐hot, dry‐wet) yielded steeper slopes and lower mean ci/ca ratios at the dry or cold sites than at the wet or hot sites. High atmospheric vapour pressure deficit implies low ci/ca in dry climates. High water viscosity (more costly transport) and low photorespiration (less costly photosynthesis) imply low ci/ca in cold climates. Observed site‐mean ci/ca shifts are predicted quantitatively for temperature contrasts (by photorespiration plus viscosity effects) and approximately for aridity contrasts. The theory explains the dependency of ci/ca ratios on temperature and vapour pressure deficit, and observed relationships of leaf δ13C and Narea to aridity.

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• Journal article
  Medlyn BE, Duursma RA, De Kauwe MG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,
  , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 200-203, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Cite
  • Citations: 40
• Journal article
  Zhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, Kelly JWG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,
  , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 204-214, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Cite
  • Citations: 272
• Journal article
  Pooley SP, Mendelsohn JA, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,

  Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science

  , Conservation Biology

  The consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9-point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on-going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of we

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• Journal article
  Bunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, Hailu F, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,
  , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1344-1354, ISSN: 1523-1739

  Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on theimplications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has beensuggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show thatoverharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophyhunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertaintiesgenerated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: thesafari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompassesthe population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. Weinvestigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies.Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, butpoaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interestsof companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging communitymembers as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond whichthe year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a rolefor government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this levelis not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholderswhen designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address theparticular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.

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