In this section
@article{Batcup:2026,
author = {Batcup, C and Almukhtar, A and Menon, A and Leff, D and Judah, G and Demirel, P and Porat, T},
journal = {BMJ Open},
title = {Exploring the overuse of non-sterile gloves in operating theatres: A cross-sectional survey and interview study},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Objectives: To identify factors influencing unnecessary non-sterile glove use in operating theatres, and to estimate how common these factors are across the UK.Design: Mixed-methods study using interviews and a cross-sectional survey.Setting: Imperial College Healthcare Trust for interviews, and nationally across the UK for the survey. Participants: 19 interviewees and 329 survey respondents, all clinical staff working in UK operating theatres.Outcome measures: Barriers and facilitators to unnecessary non-sterile glove use in operating theatres.Results: The findings highlight a combination of key drivers leading to the unnecessary use of non-sterile gloves: (1) lack of prioritisation of sustainability, (2) fears around negative patient outcomes, (3) strong social influences such as norms to use gloves, (4) the absence of clear guidelines and limited training on glove use, (5) availability of alternatives and quality of gloves, and (6) beliefs about personal safety and habitual glove use. Respondents also suggested potential intervention strategies.Conclusions: 67% of participants reported using gloves unnecessarily. Our findings highlight the role of habitual behaviour, social influences and unclear guidelines in driving this practice. Interventions should address these factors, for example by clearly communicating when gloves should and should not be worn, encouraging changes to local social norms towards waste reduction, improving access to hand gel, and supporting habit change to reduce unnecessary glove use and associated environmental impact.Keywords: environmental impact; sustainability; healthcare; operating theatres; non-sterile gloves; safety; hygiene; behavioural determinants; behaviour change; Theoretical Domains FrameworkStrengths and limitations of this study:• The use of a mixed methods approach strengthens the findings through triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data. • Use of the Theoretical Domains Framework, an established mode
AU - Batcup,C
AU - Almukhtar,A
AU - Menon,A
AU - Leff,D
AU - Judah,G
AU - Demirel,P
AU - Porat,T
PY - 2026///
SN - 2044-6055
TI - Exploring the overuse of non-sterile gloves in operating theatres: A cross-sectional survey and interview study
T2 - BMJ Open
ER -